Edible ground covers are a crucial element in any permaculture or food forest garden. They serve as living mulch, protect and feed the soil, suppress weeds, and give you more food in less space. Whether you’re growing sweet potatoes for stir-fries or nasturtiums for a colorful salad, there are so many ways to make your ground layer both beautiful and functional.
Tired of weeding and bare soil? These low-growing edible plants cover the ground, feed your soil, and you!
By layering your garden with diversity in plant heights, root systems, and edible yields, you’ll create a more balanced, resilient system that supports you and the ecosystem around you. Let your mulch work to feed your soil and your family at the same time!
Welcome back to my garden! Today, we’re diving into edible ground covers that I use in my urban permaculture garden as living mulch. Creating layers in a food forest system helps you grow more diversity (and food) in a small space. Edible ground covers help suppress weeds to create a low-maintenance, sustainable garden that feeds us year-round and doesn’t demand daily upkeep.
We love to go camping, and that means I often leave my garden for days at a time. While I still love growing annuals like tomatoes and cucumbers, they require more hands-on care and come with a higher risk if I’m away. I’ll still grow them, but I want to shift the balance toward a more resilient garden using perennial plants and edible ground covers that do more of the heavy lifting while I’m off exploring.
Watch or read more below
Top 10 Edible Ground Covers for Living Mulch
So, what exactly are edible ground covers? These are low-growing plants that serve multiple functions: they protect the soil, retain moisture, reduce weeds, prevent erosion, and provide food for both humans and beneficial wildlife. In a food forest-style garden, ground covers are just one layer in a multi-tiered system that also includes tall trees, shrubs, flowers, and root crops.
Below are 10 of my favorite edible ground covers that are beautiful, functional, and delicious!
1. Sweet Potato
Sweet potato is hands-down my favorite edible ground cover. Its thick, lush vines protect the soil from the harsh sun and help retain moisture. The leaves are edible and can be used like spinach—sautéed with garlic, tossed in soups and curries, or even made into green wraps. And of course, the roots themselves are a delicious, substantial food source for both sweet and savory dishes. Sweet potatoes are also a haven for beneficial insects and frogs (yes, frogs!). I often find them nesting among the vines, even without a pond nearby. They’re super easy to propagate, making them perfect for sharing, selling, or expanding your patch.
2. Nasturtium
Nasturtiums are another edible ground cover that, once you plant them, you will have forever! Their bright flowers and peppery leaves are both edible and beautiful. I use the leaves in salads and as mini wraps, and the flowers as edible garnishes or pesto ingredients. They self-seed prolifically, meaning once you plant them, they often come back on their own every year. This means they can easily take over parts of your garden, so it’s important to keep them pruned if you want them to remain in one area.
Nasturtiums attract beneficial pollinators and act as a trap crop, luring pests like slugs and snails away from other plants. You can prune back areas to feed to your chickens as a natural pest management system. Even their seed pods are edible—you can pickle them to make homemade capers!
Naturtiums die off during the hot summer months, and so I pair these with sweet potato, which has an opposite growth pattern. Sweet potatoes thrive in summer and die back in the cooler months. These two work well to keep the soil covered all year round.
3. New Zealand Spinach (Tetragonia tetragonioides)
New Zealand Spinach is one of my go-to ground covers, especially in warmer weather when traditional leafy greens struggle. It spreads beautifully and creates dense, weed-suppressing coverage. The leaves are succulent and can be eaten cooked, much like regular spinach. It’s drought-tolerant, hardy, and perfect for low-maintenance edible landscaping. Due to its ability to self-seed easily, it can be a good idea to keep it contained.
4. Sweet Violet
Sweet violets (Viola odorata) make a lovely ground cover for shady areas, which become more common as fruit trees mature and cast more shade. They have heart-shaped edible leaves and delicate purple flowers that make beautiful decorations for cakes and salads. While I usually use the flowers more than the leaves, the entire plant helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds, making it an excellent living mulch.
5. Strawberries
Strawberries are a classic edible ground cover that needs little introduction. They spread easily, especially alpine varieties, and can handle partial shade. While their leaves and flowers are edible, the fruit is the real star. Just note they do better in sunnier patches of your garden.
6. Prostrate Rosemary
This low-trailing form of rosemary hugs the ground and is well-suited to hot, dry, sandy, or rocky soils. It’s evergreen, hardy, and incredibly useful in the kitchen. I love having rosemary nearby to flavor dishes, and the edible flowers are great for attracting bees. It also has a host of medicinal benefits—anti-inflammatory, digestive support, and calming properties.
7. Thyme & Oregano
Thyme and oregano are aromatic culinary herbs that make wonderful low-growing ground covers in sunny areas. Their spreading habit helps protect the soil, and both are drought-tolerant and resilient. These herbs can be used fresh or dried for flavoring food, making teas, and for natural remedies. Their tiny flowers also attract pollinators to your garden.
8. Yarrow
Yarrow is a powerhouse plant often overlooked as an edible. While the leaves can be used in teas or medicinally (always research before consuming), their greatest strengths in the garden are as a soil protector with dense fern-like leaves and a pollinator magnet. It has deep roots that help break up compacted soil and draw nutrients up to the surface, improving fertility over time. It sends runners underground, so it’s a good idea to treat this plant like you would mint and keep it contained to one area.
9. Chamomile
Chamomile creates a fragrant, low-growing cover that’s sometimes used as a lawn substitute. It’s most well-known for its daisy-like flowers, which are harvested for calming teas that support sleep and digestion. It thrives in sunny areas and adds a beautiful, soft texture to garden beds.
10. Red Clover
Red clover is one of those quiet achievers in the garden, it’s beautiful, useful, and so easy to grow. I love using it as a living mulch in my food forest because it grows low to the ground, helps suppress weeds, and is constantly feeding the soil with nitrogen through its roots. The bees absolutely adore the flowers, and if you’re into herbal teas, the blossoms are edible and can be harvested and dried too! It’s the kind of plant that gives so much without asking for much in return—perfect for filling in those bare spots while still being productive and pretty.
Many common weeds are edible and make great opportunistic ground covers. Purslane, for example, has succulent leaves rich in omega-3 fatty acids and grows rapidly to fill bare spots. Chickweed and dandelion also have edible and medicinal parts. While these can spread quickly, learning to identify and harvest them helps you turn a problem into a resource.
Living Mulch: Edible Ground Covers That Feed You and Your Garden
Start small by adding one or two edible ground covers to your garden beds or under fruit trees, and watch how quickly they transform the space. These hardworking plants not only fill gaps and reduce maintenance, but they also invite more life into your garden, as a wildlife habitat. Whether you’re building a full food forest or just looking to get more out of your patch, edible ground covers are one of the simplest ways to grow smarter, not harder.
Are you growing any edible plants as living mulch? Let us know below 👇
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Edible Climbing Vines help maximise growing space and double the amount of food in each garden bed or container. One thing that I think is so underrated is the ability to grow food up 👆
Today I am going to share a list of edible climbers to grow in your garden and utilise vertical space and create shade and protection. These 10 edible climbing vines are perennials which means they will produce more and more food each year without us having to replant them!
There are so many incredible reasons you should be growing food vertically.
Not only to maximize space but also to increase airflow to reduce rot or disease, strategic shade, or like me to reduce some of the heat in my garden by covering my ugly fences!
Click to watch for bonus Planting Tips 👇
Annuals vs Perennials 🌿
Annuals will allow you to still change up your garden beds each season and have the flexibility of space. Whereas perennials (which grow for longer than 2 years) will allow you to get a crop established and provide long-term protection and produce more and more food each year.
10 Perennial Edible Climbing Vines
1. Passionfruit
Passionfruit is one of my favourite fruits to eat and the main reason I am growing this edible climber in my garden. They are also evergreen so it has leaves all year round to create shade and protection. Passionfruit have thick, lush leaves so they work perfectly to cover fences or create screens to block out unsightly structures or areas.
Watch the video above to see how to plant passionfruit from a store-bought fruit!
BONUS TIP: Purchase a passionfruit plant that is NOT grafted. Grafted passionfruit needs to be carefully maintained or the rootstock can quickly take over and become invasive with no fruit.
2. Choko /Chayote
Choko is a quick-growing vining edible plant that can make great summer shade to protect your summer garden. They will often die back over winter but will pop up and regrow each spring. Any fruits left on the ground will also easily regrow.
Choko are similar to a large zucchini or marrow and can be used as a substitute for potatoes or even apples to bulk up pie recipes.
3. Sweet Potato
Growing Sweet Potatoes / Kūmara (Ipomoea batatas) in your home garden is a great step toward self-sufficiency. They are my favourite permaculture plant and are an easy crop to grow for beginner gardeners. It is important to grow plants that support and encourage other plants and beneficial insects in your garden. Creating a cohesive ecosystem that promotes the growth and success of your garden’s health and supports abundant harvests.
Sweet potatoes send out runners and can easily be trained up a vertical trellis. Plus, many people do not know that the leaves of the sweet potato plant are also edible.
4. Grapes
The great thing about growing grapes as edible climbers is that they are deciduous. This means they lose their leaves in winter so you can plant grapes strategically to provide shade in summer and let light through in winter!
5. Malabar Spinach
Malabar spinach is a fantastic edible climber for warm or tropical climates. It thrives in summer during warm weather when most other spinach and leafy greens die off. This can help fill the gaps in your seasonal harvests. Malabar spinach can be grown in pots or containers. It has succulent-like leaves so can handle hot weather but it can be frost sensitive.
6. Butterfly Pea
If you love colour then this edible climber will be perfect for you! With bright blue-purple flowers the butterfly pea is a striking addition to an edible garden. The flowers can be used as a natural food colouring or infused in teas or cocktails. Plus, if you add acidity such as lemon juice the colour will transform to hot pink! Such a fun plant to grow.
7. Kiwifruit
Kiwifruit can be grown over structures to create great canopy shade. They are prolific produces and the fruit can be eaten fresh, frozen for smoothies, made into jams and even dehydrated for naturally sweet treats. You will need to have both a male and a female plant for pollination.
8. Kiwiberry
Kiwi berries have a similar taste to the kiwifruit but are much smaller around the same size as a grape. Kiwi berry vines grow really well in containers or urban gardens.
9. Nasturtium
Nasturtium is often known for its wild rambling nature but it can be trained vertically as an edible climber. The whole plant is edible including the leaves, flowers and seed pods. Nasturtium has a strong peppery taste and can be used in salads, flavoured salts, pickles and many other recipes. Here in Perth, my Nasturtium dies down in summer but will pop up and regrow by itself in Autumn/winter.
10. Scarlett Runner Bean
Scarlet runner beans are also known as the 7-year bean because they pop up and regrow each year (for about 6-7 years). Beans are a great addition to an edible garden and can easily be cooked or frozen to preserve.
Annual Climbing Vines 🌿
Annual climbers are also great because they don’t need dedicated space so you can grow, harvest and remove then grow something different each season! Having a mix of annuals and perennials will help you grow more food all year round.
Annual climbers can be plants such as Cucumber, Squash, Tomatoes, Pumpkin, and Melons.
If you’re looking for a delicious, nutrient-packed way to use sweet potato leaves, this sweet and spicy greens recipe is the perfect choice. They are not only edible but also highly nutritious, making them a fantastic addition to your homegrown meals.
During the warmer months, when sweet potato vines are growing abundantly, their tender leaves make an excellent spinach substitute. Pairing them with chillies, which also thrive in the heat, creates a flavorful and seasonal dish straight from your garden.
In this recipe, we’ll sauté fresh sweet potato leaves with a blend of sweet and spicy ingredients, making it a perfect side dish or a hearty topping for rice, noodles, or even grilled meats.
Why Eat Sweet Potato Leaves?
Many people don’t realize that sweet potato leaves are 100% edible and packed with vitamins A, C, and K, as well as iron, calcium, and fiber. Unlike regular potato leaves (which are toxic), sweet potato leaves are safe to eat and have a mild, slightly sweet taste with a soft, spinach-like texture when cooked.
Some benefits include:
✅ Nutrient-dense – High in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals ✅ Easy to grow – Thrives in hot weather, requiring minimal care ✅ Great for permaculture gardens – Offers dual-purpose harvests (leaves and tubers) ✅ Versatile – Can be stir-fried, steamed, added to soups, or blended into smoothies
Instructions
1. Prepare the leaves
Pick and wash the leaves thoroughly (see notes for tips).
Pat dry and remove any tough stems.
2. Chop the aromatics
Finely slice the onion, garlic, and chilli.
If you prefer a milder spice level, remove the chilli seeds before slicing.
3. Mix the sauce
In a small bowl, combine the soy sauce, honey, and other sauce ingredients.
Stir well to ensure all flavors are blended.
4.Stir-fry the greens
Heat a large wok or frying pan over medium-high heat.
Add the greens and ¾ of the sauce mixture.
Stir-fry until the greens have wilted but remain vibrant.
5.Serve and garnish
Transfer to a serving dish and drizzle with the remaining sauce.
Sprinkle with sunflower seeds and garnish with edible flowers if desired.
Serve immediately and enjoy!
Sweet and Spicy Sweet Potato Leaves
Yield: 2-4
Prep Time: 10 minutes
Cook Time: 2 minutes
Total Time: 2 minutes
Chilli and sweet potato greens are both thriving in the warmer months. This sweet and spicy side dish is a great way to combine the two.
Ingredients
Greens
4-6 cups Sweet Potato Greens
1 TSBP Sunflower Seeds
Sweet and Spicy Sauce
2 garlic cloves
1-2 red cayenne chillies (or your favourite)
1/4 cup chopped parsley
1 tsp Olive oil
1 TSP Red wine vinegar
1 TSP Maple syrup (or honey)
1 TSP Tamari (or soy sauce)
1 /4 cup finely chopped red onion
Instructions
Pick and wash your sweet potato greens well (see notes)
Finely slice Onion, Garlic and Chilli. Remove the chilli seeds if you don't want it too spicy (I prefer no seeds).
Add the rest of the sauce ingredients together and mix well.
Heat a large wok or frying pan on medium-high heat.
Add sweet potato greens and 3/4 of the sauce mix and stir-fry until the greens have wilted.
Place on a side dish and top with the remaining sauce along with Sunflower seeds and flowers to serve. Serve immediately.
Notes
Sweet Potato Greens excrete a white milky substance when picked. This can cause allergies to sensitive skin. Rinse well.
Sweet potato leaves will wilt to less than 1/4 the original size just like spinach does.
Choose young sweet potato leaves and shoots - the newest 4-5 leaves.
Add and swap for other greens such as spinach or chard.
Make it as mild or as spicy as you like by adding in or removing the seeds.
Recipe Variations & Substitutions
🌿 No sweet potato leaves? Substitute with spinach, kale, chard, or amaranth leaves. 🌿 Prefer it milder? Reduce the chillies or swap for sweet bell peppers. 🌿 Add protein by tossing in tofu, shrimp, or shredded chicken. 🌿 Make it heartier by serving over rice or mixing with noodles.
Tips & Substitutions
Handling the Leaves – When picked, sweet potato greens release a white, milky sap, which may cause irritation for sensitive skin. If you have skin allergies, wear gloves when handling or wash your hands immediately after.
Wilt Factor – Like spinach, sweet potato leaves shrink significantly when cooked, reducing to less than 1/4 of their original size. Keep this in mind and adjust your portion size accordingly.
Best Leaves to Use – For the most tender and flavorful greens, choose the youngest 4-5 leaves at the tip of each vine. Mature leaves can be tougher and slightly bitter.
Swap & Customize – Feel free to mix in or replace the leaves with spinach, chard, or other leafy greens from your garden.
Control the Spice – Make this dish as mild or fieryas you like by adjusting the amount of chillies or removing the seedsfor a milder flavor.
Sweet Potato Leaves
They are an underrated garden gem, offering incredible health benefits and a delicious, versatile flavor. If you grow sweet potatoes, don’t let the lush green vines go to waste—try this sweet and spicy stir-fry for a quick, nutritious meal! I also add them to any soups, curries, and stirfries for extra greens.
Have you ever cooked with them? Let me know in the comments 👇
Rosemary and roast vegetables are a classic combo for a very good reason… They taste amazing! These Rosemary, Feta and Roast Veggie hand pies are so full of flavour and will keep you wanting more. This recipe, like most of my recipes, is completely versatile to what you have growing in your garden. Recipes that can be easily adapted to suit your seasonal harvests will make your life so much easier. Read the notes section for optional ingredients to swap.
This recipe can also be used for leftovers. Pre-make a batch of pastry and keep it in the freezer ready to turn your leftover Sunday roasts into delicious hand pies.
Rosemary, Feta and Roast Veggie Hand Pies
Yield: 16 hand pies
Prep Time: 35 minutes
Cook Time: 1 hour15 minutes
Total Time: 1 hour50 minutes
These Rosemary, Feta and Roast Veggie hand pies are so delicious. It may be useful to make two batches of pastry and keep one set in the freezer for future leftover roast veggies. This recipe could also be adapted to make one large family pie.
Ingredients
Pastry
150g cold Butter
2 cups Flour
1/4 tsp Salt
1/2 tsp Apple Cider Vinegar
5 TBS Iced Water
1 TBS Sugar
2 egg yolks
1/2 cup of fresh chopped Rosemary
Filling
500g Butternut Pumpkin
200g Sweet Potato or Potato
4 Radish (optional)
1 Red Onion
3 Cloves Garlic
1 fresh Rosemary stalk
Oil for Roasting
200g block of Feta
5-6 Rainbow Chard Stalks and Leaves
Sauce for Filling
3/4 cup Raw Cashews
3/4 cup Water
Instructions
Pastry
1. Cut the butter into 2cm cubes and place in the freezer for 5-10 minutes while preparing the other ingredients.
2. Add ice and water to a bowl.
3. Add the 5 TBSP of ice-cold water and egg yolks into a bowl and mix until combined. Set aside.
4. In a separate mixing bowl add butter and flour and rub together roughly. Try to do this quickly as to not heat the butter up too much with your hands.
5. Mix in the chopped rosemary, salt, apple cider vinegar, sugar then add the water and egg mixture to the flour mix a little at a time. Mixing to form a dough.
6. Roll to form a ball, cover (I use compostable film) and pop in the fridge to cool while you start on the filling.
Filling
1. Pre-heat your oven to 180degrees celsius.
2. Rinse and chop your Butternut Pumpkin and Sweet Potato into chunks (roughly 6cm. I like to leave the skin on both) and cut your Radish in half or leave whole if they are small.
3. Add to a large roasting dish and drizzle your veggies with oil. Strip and chop 1 stalk of fresh rosemary. Mix in with veggies.
4. Place your veggies in the oven for 25 mins.
5. While your veggies cook, dice the red onion and place in a frying pan with a drizzle of oil. Cook on a medium heat for 10min then add in chopped garlic for a further 2minutes.
6. Cut the rainbow chard stalks in to slices and roughly slice up the leaves. Add to the onion mix, stir and cook for 1-2 minutes. Remove from the heat.
7. After 25minutes remove the roast veggies, mix and turn them over then add the block of feta to the centre. Put back in the oven for a further 20-30 minutes until cooked through.
8. While the veggies continue to cook, blend the raw almonds and water to make a cream. Refrigerate.
9. Remove the roast veggies once cooked and with a fork, roughly smash up the chunks of veggies and mix through the feta. Dont over mix as you want small pieces of veggies and feta in each bite. Add the onion and rainbow chard and mix through. Cover and allow the mix to cool.
Assembly
1. Remove your pastry from the fridge and roll on a floured surface. To make the small round hand pies, cut out 10cm diameter rounds at roughly 5mm thick. Use a cookie cutter or an upturned glass to get the outline and cut around with a knife (ensure you have an even amount for tops and bottoms). If you would like the larger half moon size - use a side plate to cut large rounds. Place the rounds on a plate or tray, cover and return to the fridge to cool down again for 10minutes.
2. Preheat oven to 200degrees celsius.
3. Drizzle the cashew cream over the roast veggie mix. Divide your pastry rounds in half so there are tops and bottoms. Then add one heaped tablespoon of veggie mix to each bottom. Place the other pastry round on top and carefully push down the edges to secure. Use a folk to further press and secure the edges. Make a small hole or slit in the top to allow air to escape during cooking. If making the half moon pies - add mixture to one side the fold the pastry over down the middle and secure the edges.
4. To create a nice brown finish, brush the pastry with egg wash (one egg mixed) or milk.
5. Return to the fridge for 10minutes to cool again.
6. Bake for 12-15 minutes until golden. The larger half moon pies may take 15-20minutes.
7. Remove and serve warm with a fresh garden side salad or the green sauce from the Cauliflower recipe is also delicious combo.
Notes
1. The butter needs to be as cold as possible.
2. It is best to make the pastry ahead of time so it has a few hours to cool in the fridge.
3. Mix and match your favourite root vegetables such as carrots or beetroot.
4. To replace the fresh rosemary with dried rosemary use 1 TBS in the pastry and 1 tsp on the roast veggies.
5. Optional - replace the cashew cream with gravy.
6. Swap Rainbow chard for spinach or other greens.
7. Swap Feta for Cottage Cheese, Mozzarella or leave out if preferred.
Winter greens are in abundance and it is the perfect time of year to enjoy warm, nourishing soups. This garden green soup is full of greens that are only lightly cooked, so they retain as much of their nutrients as possible. This soup will make the perfect winter starter or lunch and can be made using any greens you have growing in the garden.
Nourishing Garden Green Soup
Prep Time: 20 minutes
Cook Time: 20 minutes
Total Time: 40 minutes
Packed full of fresh nutritious greens from the garden, this soup is delicious served both warm and cold.
Ingredients
1 medium Brown Onion
2 cloves of Garlic
4-5 Rainbow chard leaves
10 Sweet Potato leaves
2 Broccoli or Cauliflower leaves
1 Sprig of Mint (10 leaves)
3 Sprigs of Fennel Frond leaves
2 Sprigs of Parsley (1/2 cup)
2-3 Nasturtium leaves
1 Tbsp Tamari (or soy sauce)
1 tsp ground Cinnamon
1 tsp ground Cumin
1/2 cup Coconut Milk
1 tsp Salt
1 Tbsp Cooking Oil
3/4 cup Water
Instructions
1. Finely dice the onion. Add oil to a frypan on medium-low heat and cook the onion for 10 minutes or until slightly golden.
2. Add in the garlic and cook for 1 minute. Add in the cumin and cinnamon and stir to mix, cooking for a further 1 minute.
3. Add in the coconut milk, Tamari, and 3/4 cup of water. Cook for 5 minutes, stirring regularly. Remove from the heat and allow to cool.
4. Rinse your greens and remove the stems.
5. Fill a wide bowl with cold water and ice and place it beside the stove. Place a wide pan, (or wok) on medium heat with 3-4 inches of water. Heat until the water is simmering.
6. Blanch your leaves in the simmering water and then add to the iced water to cool. This will lightly cook the leaves and help them remain bright vibrant green. Do this in stages with each type of leaf. Blanch the thicker leaves such as Rainbow chard, Broccoli, Cauliflower leaves, and Sweet Potato leaves for 45 seconds. The more delicate leaves such as Mint, Nasturtium, and fennel for 20-30seconds.
7. Strain off the green from the water.
8. Blitz up the cooled onion mixture and greens in a blender or similar (stick mixer, Nutribullet).
9. Transfer the mix to a saucepan and add salt (to taste) and reheat to serve or enjoy cold.
OPTIONAL: Top with mixed seeds (sesame, pumpkin, sunflower), edible flowers, and baby mint and nasturtium leaves. Serve with buttered Toast.
Notes
The Sweet potato and Broccoli leaves can be substituted with other garden greens you have growing in the garden such as Spinach, SilverBeet, Asian greens.
The darker the greens are in colour, the more vibrant green the soup will be.
